Nævnet stadfæstede i december 2019 Udlændingestyrelsens afgørelse vedrørende en mandlig stats-borger fra DR Congo. Indrejst i 2009. Sambehandlet med demo/2020/8/DH demo/2020/9/DHFlygtningenævnet udtalte: ”Ansøgeren er etnisk havu og katolik fra Syd-Kivu, DR Congo. Ansøgeren har udført politiske ak-tiviteter. Ansøgeren har som asylmotiv henvist til, at han frygter at blive slået ihjel, fordi han har udført politiske aktiviteter. Han har til støtte herfor oplyst, at han siden 1997 har afholdt foredrag for folk med henblik på at udbrede viden om menneskerettigheder og fred. Han henvendte sig til folk på gaden, i bussen og ved cafeer. I 1998 blev han opsøgt og advaret af nogle personer, som han havde holdt foredrag for. De opfordrede ansøgeren til at flygte med sin familie, fordi myndigheder-ne havde i sinde at slå dem ihjel. Den [dato i sommeren] 2005 hørte ansøgeren skud og skrig fra huset, mens han befandt sig udenfor. Han tænkte, at der var nogen efter ham, og derfor flygtede han fra bopælen. I forbindelse med episoden blev ansøgerens svoger skudt og slået ihjel. I perioden fra den [dato i sommeren] 2005 til udrejsen af DR Congo i [dato i sommeren] 2008 opholdt han sig i skjul hos folk i Masisi- og Kalehe-området. Han fik her at vide, at hans ægtefælle og børn var ud-rejst til en flygtningelejr i Uganda. I [måned i sommeren] 2008 rejste ansøgeren til Uganda og tog ophold i en flygtningelejr. Han fik kontakt til sin ægtefælle, som i 2007 var indrejst i Danmark som kvoteflygtning. Flygtningenævnet lægger til grund, at ansøgeren i årene fra 1996-1998 og igen ef-terfølgende – uden at være medlem af et politisk parti – har holdt taler om menneskerettigheder i regi af den katolske kirke, og at han i den forbindelse har udtalt sig om de politiske forhold i DR Congo. Flygtningenævnet finder imidlertid ikke, at ansøgeren er berettiget til asyl som følge heraf. Nævnet har herved indledningsvis lagt til grund, at den påberåbte episode fra 2005 ikke har fundet sted, idet ansøgerens ægtefælle og hendes søster i forbindelse med deres inddragelsessager har op-lyst, at hændelsen ikke har fundet sted, ligesom ansøgeren under nævnsmødet oplyste, at han havde forklaret om hændelsen for at være solidarisk med sin ægtefælle og hendes søster. Nævnet har end-videre lagt vægt på, at ansøgeren har været politisk aktiv i en periode for over 10 år siden, og at han i denne periode på flere år aldrig er blevet opsøgt eller truet i anledning af sine aktiviteter. Af Unit-ed Nations Security Council, Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region, fra 1. oktober 2019, fremgår blandt an-det: “II. Major developments A. Security situation 2. During the period under review, the security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo remained fragile, as illegal armed groups continued to commit atrocities against the civilian population and attack the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). In addition, cross-border security-related incidents, prevailing insecurity in the Central African Republic and sporadic fighting between Government and opposition forces in South Sudan affected peace and stability in the Great Lakes region. 3. In the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) were suspected of perpetrating attacks in the Beni area, including in areas affected by the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease. Furthermore, alleged links between ADF and Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) raised grave concern in the region. On 18 April, ISIL claimed responsibility for an attack suspected to have been carried out by ADF on an FARDC camp in Bovata, North Kivu, on 16 April, during which two soldiers and one civilian were killed. Since then, ISIL has claimed responsibility for more attacks also attributed to ADF. In a media appearance on 29 June, the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, expressed concern over the adoption by ADF of terror tactics linked to ISIL. In its most recent report, however, the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo did not confirm any direct link between ADF and ISIL. 4. FARDC and the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) continued joint military operations against ADF, including an offensive on 30 May that led to the killing of 26 ADF combatants in Ngite, North Kivu. 5. The operational strength of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) continued to di-minish during the period under review, following the repatriation of most of its former combatants from camps in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018, along with sustained joint FARDC-MONUSCO operations targeting the group. The impact of the death of the FDLR leader, Ignace Murwa-nashyaka, in Germany on 16 April was not immediately discernible in the operational structure and morale of the rebel group. FDLR remained active and continued to pose a threat in North and South Kivu Provinces through local and regional networks. The number of cases of conflict-related sexual violence reportedly committed by FDLR combatants increased in Nyiragongo territory, where most victims were attacked on their way to collect firewood and charcoal in the Virunga National Park. Conflict-related sexual violence also continues to be reported in Rutshuru territory, in the context of clashes between FDLR and Nyatura elements. 6. In December 2018, the FDLR splinter group Conseil national pour le renouveau et la démocratie (CNRD) came under significant pressure from the Nduma défense du Congo-Rénové (NDC-R) militia and was forced to move southward. Abandoning their positions in North Kivu, hundreds of CNRD fighters and thousands of Rwandan Hutu civilians travelling with the group relocated to South Kivu in January 2019. Throughout their southbound movement, which began around 23 December 2018, several clashes occurred, with casualties reported within CNRD ranks and among civilians. FARDC and MONUSCO engaged in pursuit of the rebels in South Kivu. There were allegations of conflict-related sexual violence against minors attributed to CNRD, in the context of clashes with FARDC in Kalehe, South Kivu. 7. The P5 coalition, an armed group composed of Rwandan opposition political organizations, has been weakened by the arrest on 30 April and extradition from the Comoros of Callixte “Sankara” Nsabimana, the leader of the National Liberation Front, the military wing of the Mouvement rwandais pour le changement démocratique. On 23 May, Callixte Nsabimana was charged with 16 crimes, including terrorism, kidnapping, murder and genocide denial. He pleaded guilty to all charges. Despite those setbacks, members of the P5 coalition, supported by the local Ngomino armed group and remaining members of FDLR, were reported to have regrouped and reorganized in North Kivu and South Kivu. 8. Similarly, although the presence of the Résistance pour un État de droit au Burundi in South Kivu had de-creased following FARDC-MONUSCO military operations in early 2019, the group was reported to have been fighting since May alongside Mai-Mai Yakutumba against the Rwanda National Congress. …”Af UNHCR’s Position on Returns to North Kivu, South Kivu, Ituri, and adjacent areas in the Dem-ocratic Republic of Congo affected by ongoing conflict and violence – Udate II, fra september 2019 fremgår blandt andet:“Human Rights Situation13. Serious and frequent violations of human rights continue to be perpetrated by varius actors in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri. ……Humanitarian Situation14. The humanitarian situation in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri remains dire, with much of the popula-tion requiring humanitarian assistance but with severe operational challenges for humanitarian actors. …”Selvom de generelle forhold i DR Congo således er alvorlige og uforudsigelige, finder Flygtninge-nævnet, at forholdene ikke er af en sådan karakter, at enhver ved sin blotte tilstedeværelse risikerer behandling i strid med Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskonventions artikel 3. Flygtningenæv-net stadfæster derfor Udlændingestyrelsens afgørelse.” demo/2020/7/DH
